{"id":54,"date":"2019-01-29T17:33:41","date_gmt":"2019-01-29T17:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raby.co.uk\/raby-castle\/?page_id=54"},"modified":"2025-09-05T11:44:55","modified_gmt":"2025-09-05T10:44:55","slug":"history","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.raby.co.uk\/raby-castle\/discover\/history\/","title":{"rendered":"History"},"content":{"rendered":"

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The Neville Family: A Northern Powerhouse…<\/h1>\n

Much of the castle you see today was built in the 14th century by the powerful Neville family. <\/strong><\/p>\n

The name \u2018Raby\u2019 is thought to date from the early 11th century when the Dane, King Canute sat on the English throne.<\/p>\n

\u201cRa\u201d probably comes from the Old English word for boundary, and \u201cBi\u201d settlement. It is not clear what kind of dwelling stood here before 1378 when the Bishop of Durham granted John, 3rd Baron de Neville \u2013 and Lord of Raby, a license to fortify the building. It was then that Raby Castle was completed much in the form we know today.<\/p>\n

From their powerhouse at Raby, the Nevilles were among the most powerful families in the country, with vast lands, multiple castles and holdings and direct links to the Crown. This all came to an end in 1569 when Charles Neville took part in The Rising of the North \u2013 an attempt to replace Queen Elizabeth I with her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots. Charles was forced to flee into exile and the extensive Neville lands were seized by the Crown.[\/vc_column_text]\t\t<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1757063953791{background-image: url(https:\/\/www.raby.co.uk\/raby-castle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/09\/Neville-gateway-scaled.jpg?id=5264) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_empty_space height=”280px”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”middle” css=”.vc_custom_1715680446828{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}”][vc_column_inner el_class=”order-sm-2″ width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1757064120669{background-image: url(https:\/\/www.raby.co.uk\/raby-castle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/09\/Henry-Vane-the-Elder.jpg?id=5265) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_empty_space height=”280px”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1715680402049{padding-top: 0px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”]

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The arrival of the Vane Family …<\/h1>\n

During the turbulent 17th century, Raby Castle was home to the first generations of the Vane family, who still own the castle today.<\/strong><\/p>\n

In 1626 Raby Castle was bought by Henry Vane the Elder, a courtier of King James I. Henry rose through the ranks to become a member of the Privy Council and Secretary of State under Charles I.<\/p>\n

His unconventional eldest son, Henry Vane the Younger joined the Puritan community in Massachusetts, where he was elected Governor in 1636 at the age of 23. On returning to England he became a leading Parliamentarian, upholding the rights of parliament first against the King and later against Oliver Cromwell. A champion of religious freedom, and an advocate of non-violence he was as a dangerous rebel and beheaded by Charles II in 1662.<\/p>\n

During the Civil Wars castle was twice under Royalist siege. On June 29th, 1645, Royalist troops scaled the walls, surprising the household who acted quickly to successfully retaliate. Three years later, Royalist soldiers tried again to take the castle but again without success. Those slain were buried in Raby Park or Staindrop Church.[\/vc_column_text]\t\t<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”middle” css=”.vc_custom_1715680442327{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}”][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″]

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Ruin and Resurgence…<\/h1>\n

A bitter family feud in the 18th century almost ended the story of RABY, but with determination and dedication, a new chapter opened in the castle\u2019s history.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ruin Christopher Vane, 1st Baron Barnard was said to be a man who liked quiet and order. His wife Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the Earl of Clare was reputed to have a fiery temper. The couple were furious when, in 1714 their eldest son Gilbert declared his wish to marry Mary Randyll, daughter of an MP and not a titled aristocrat.<\/p>\n

They set about destroying Gilbert\u2019s inheritance at Raby Castle. Two hundred workmen were employed to strip the castle of anything of value in a matter of days; swathes of woodland were cut down and many deer were slaughtered.<\/p>\n

Gilbert and Mary took legal action. In Vane vs Barnard, Christopher and Elizabeth were ordered to cease the destruction and make repair from their own finances.<\/p>\n

Resurgence <\/strong><\/p>\n

Repairs and refurbishment continued after Gilbert inherited the castle in 1723. Landscaping and replanting took place in the park and his son and grandson continued work on the castle after a fire destroyed part of the south range. Notable architects and craftsmen were employed to transform the castle into a luxurious country house and garden set in picturesque parkland.[\/vc_column_text]\t\t<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1757064195709{background-image: url(https:\/\/www.raby.co.uk\/raby-castle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/09\/Elizabeth-1st-Baroness-Barnard.jpg?id=5266) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_empty_space height=”280px”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”middle” css=”.vc_custom_1715680446828{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}”][vc_column_inner el_class=”order-sm-2″ width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1757064325107{background-image: url(https:\/\/www.raby.co.uk\/raby-castle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/09\/1st-Duke-of-Cleveland.png?id=5267) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_empty_space height=”280px”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1715680402049{padding-top: 0px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”]

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A heyday for Raby…<\/h1>\n

The 19th century was a heyday for Raby Castle; a place where pleasure-seekers rubbed shoulders with politicians and the Vane family enjoyed prosperity and prominence.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The early years of the 19th century saw the family\u2019s status soar. A visit from the Prince Regent in 1806 confirmed the position of William Harry Vane, 3rd Earl of Darlington, and his support for political reform saw him promoted to become Duke of Cleveland in 1833.<\/p>\n

A natural sportsman, William was devoted to outdoor pursuits including horses, racing and hunting, while the Duchess\u2019s passion for natural history saw the creation of a \u201cmost curious museum\u201d in the Barons\u2019 Hall at Raby Castle.<\/p>\n

After William\u2019s death in 1842, his three sons inherited the estate in turn and by the time the youngest, Harry, became the 4th (and final) Duke in 1864, Raby Castle was known for exceptional hospitality. The castle\u2019s Visitors Books are filled with tributes from family members, friends and guests who enjoyed a stay at the castle.[\/vc_column_text]\t\t<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”middle” css=”.vc_custom_1715680442327{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}”][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″]

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Advancing from Austerity…<\/h1>\n

War, political and social changes meant that life changed dramatically during the 20th century, but as a new chapter opens, an exciting future awaits the next generation at Raby Castle… <\/strong><\/p>\n

When the 4th Duke died without an heir in 1891, Raby passed to Henry De Vere Vane, who became 9th Baron Barnard. Life changed completely when Henry\u2019s eldest son died during the first world war and in 1918 Raby passed to his second son Christopher. Two world wars left Raby as scarred as the rest of Britain. Christopher, and later his son, the 11th Baron Barnard continued to run the estate in a changing Britain, responding to new technologies, agricultural, social and political change.<\/p>\n

In 2016, Harry 12th Lord Barnard inherited RABY and along with Kate, Lady Barnard, immediately set about a process of transformation to enable the castle and wider estate to be maintained for future generations.[\/vc_column_text]\t\t<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1757064589069{background-image: url(https:\/\/www.raby.co.uk\/raby-castle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/09\/Raby-The-Rising-Lord-and-Lady-Barnard-96.jpg?id=5268) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_empty_space height=”280px”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row disable_element=”yes” container_width=”container larger” css=”.vc_custom_1757064676561{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}”][vc_column]\r\n\t

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Raby<\/h2>\n

The name \u2018Raby\u2019 is thought to date from the early 11th century, when the Dane King Canute sat on the English throne. It is not clear what kind of dwelling stood here before the mighty Neville family were given a license to fortify in the 14th<\/sup> century, but it was then that Raby Castle was completed much in the form we know today.<\/p>\n\r\n

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Raby Castle<\/h3>\n

Today, Raby is the seat of the 12th<\/sup> Lord and Lady Barnard and the Vane family. It is home to an impressive range of art, textiles and furniture from across the globe, dating from the 17th to the 21st Century.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” container_width=”container larger” css=”.vc_custom_1548869308822{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”7\/12″ offset=”vc_col-lg-offset-1″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Further reading<\/h3>\n

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Collection Highlights<\/h2>\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t
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The Raby Archive houses historic papers of the Vane family and their past estates and landholdings, with more recent business records of Raby Estates.<\/p>\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t<\/a>\r\n\t[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/4″]\r\n\t\r\n\t

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Research Projects<\/h2>\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t
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Engagement<\/h2>\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t
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Discover More<\/h2>\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t
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The Nevilles<\/h3>\n

From their powerhouse at Raby, the Nevilles were among the most influential families in the country, with vast lands, multiple castles and holdings, and direct links to the Crown. The castle was at one time home to Cecily Neville, the \u2018Rose of Raby\u2019 and mother of two Kings.<\/p>\n

This all came to an end in 1569 when Charles Neville took part in The Rising of the North \u2013 an attempt to replace Queen Elizabeth I with her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots. Charles was forced to flee into exile and the extensive Neville lands were seized by the Crown.<\/p>\n

The Vanes<\/h3>\n

In 1626, Sir Henry Vane the Elder, Member of Parliament and important figure in Charles I\u2019s household, purchased Raby from the Crown.<\/p>\n

Since then, Raby Castle has survived Civil Wars and family feuds, and has been home to generations of Barons, Earls and Dukes who entertained royalty, encouraged political reform and laid the foundations for today\u2019s landscape at Raby.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

Activities & Tours<\/h3>\n

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Coal, Canals and Carriages: The Story of Raby and the Railways<\/h2>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t

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Exhibition:<\/strong> 28 June \u2013 October, daily 11am\u20134pm
Talks:<\/strong> Every Wednesday, 2 July \u2013 29 October, 1:30\u20132:00pm
Entry:<\/strong> Free with a Castle, Park and Gardens ticket<\/p>\n

Celebrate the golden age of travel and the impact of railways on Raby through rare artefacts, maps, and personal stories. Weekly talks offer deeper insights into the exhibition\u2019s fascinating history and research.<\/p>\n

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Special Tour: Raby and The Royal Family<\/h2>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t

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Dates:<\/strong> 6th September & 11th October
Time:<\/strong> 10:00am
Location:<\/strong> Raby Castle
Entry:<\/strong> Included with ticket \u2013 booking recommended<\/p>\n

Step into nearly 1,000 years of royal connections as this special guided tour returns for 2025. Discover Raby\u2019s links to monarchs from King Canute to the present day, with behind-the-scenes access to rarely seen rooms and treasures that reveal stories of power, politics, and royal visits. Warm clothing and comfortable footwear recommended.<\/p>\n

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Experience the Thomas Weeks Cabinet<\/h2>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t

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In 2022 two graduate students undertook a project to uncover the secrets behind a historic piece within the castle collections.<\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t <\/div>\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t

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Plan your visit<\/h2>\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t
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Information on access, how to find us, guided tours, walks and bringing your dog.<\/p>\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t<\/a>\r\n\t[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″]\r\n\t\r\n\t

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Groups<\/h2>\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t
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We offer discounted admission rates for groups of 12 or more and a range of group benefits and special packages for organized groups and schools.<\/p>\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t<\/a>\r\n\t[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″]\r\n\t\r\n\t

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Opening times & prices<\/h2>\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t
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Opening times, ticket prices and details of our bike hire.<\/p>\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t<\/a>\r\n\t[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”middle” css=”.vc_custom_1715680442327{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}”][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1757063953791{background-image: url(https:\/\/www.raby.co.uk\/raby-castle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/09\/Neville-gateway-scaled.jpg?id=5264) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_empty_space height=”280px”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”middle” css=”.vc_custom_1715680446828{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}”][vc_column_inner el_class=”order-sm-2″ width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1757064120669{background-image: url(https:\/\/www.raby.co.uk\/raby-castle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/09\/Henry-Vane-the-Elder.jpg?id=5265) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_empty_space height=”280px”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1715680402049{padding-top: 0px !important;background-position: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":48,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-54","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe History of Raby Castle | One of England's Finest Castles, Co. Durham<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the rich history of Raby Castle, which was originally built as a Viking settlement of King Cnut, known as \u2018Rabi\u2019 in the 11th century.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raby.co.uk\/raby-castle\/discover\/history\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The History of Raby Castle | One of England's Finest Castles, Co. 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